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South Carolina · South Carolina Science · Grade 8

8-LS4-4: Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic…

Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individual’s probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.

The South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards (2021) outcome 8-LS4-4 (Life Sciences) for Grade 8 says: “Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individual’s probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.” This Fieldbook unit teaches it hands-on, with everyday materials and a printable teacher guide and student sheet for every lesson. Official wording: South Carolina College- and Career-Ready Science Standards (2021).

Natural Selection: How Living Things Change Over Time Grades 6–8

A peppered moth hunting game over four generations, the Grants' real Galápagos finch data from the 1977 drought, whale fossils in rock-layer order with a forelimb bone comparison, and five case stations on selective breeding and antibiotic resistance. Every lesson runs on printed sheets alone: no materials to buy.

  • Why do some animals survive and others don't? 50–60 min

    Teams play hungry birds hunting printed light and dark peppered moths on printed clean and sooty bark, over four generations, and graph how the moth population changes. Then they explain the real peppered moth story: variation, survival and reproduction, not moths trying to change.

  • What did the Grants find on the Galápagos? 50–60 min

    Teams play out a drought on a Galápagos island with printed finch and seed cards, then graph the real data Peter and Rosemary Grant collected when a drought in 1977 killed most of the medium ground finches. Students calculate how much the average beak changed and explain why.

Printable practice for 8-LS4-4

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Compared with NGSS: MS-LS4-4.

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