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Grade 7 reading · Biography

Kathleen Lonsdale: How One Life Changed the World

Few people change how the world thinks, but Kathleen Lonsdale, born in 1903 in Newbridge, Ireland, did exactly that. She is remembered for using X-rays to discover the shapes of molecules.

Lonsdale was careful. She measured X-ray patterns by hand for months to be sure her results were right.

In 1929, Lonsdale used X-rays to prove that the benzene ring is flat. In 1945, Lonsdale became one of the first two women elected Fellows of the Royal Society.

In 1949, Lonsdale became a professor at University College London. (Crystal: a solid whose tiny particles are arranged in a repeating pattern.)

Lonsdale died in 1971. Lonsdaleite, a rare form of diamond, is named after her.

Questions

  1. Sequence Which of these happened first?
  2. Details In what year did this happen? "Lonsdale used X-rays to prove that the benzene ring is flat."
  3. Timeline math How many years passed between these two events? First: "Lonsdale used X-rays to prove that the benzene ring is flat." Later: "She became one of the first two women elected Fellows of the Royal Society."
  4. Timeline math About how old was Lonsdale in 1929?
  5. Vocabulary In the passage, what does "crystal" mean?
  6. Character traits Which word best describes Kathleen Lonsdale?
  7. Evidence Which detail from the passage shows that Lonsdale was careful?
  8. Main idea What is this passage mostly about?
  9. Text structure How does the author organize the middle of the passage?
  10. Author's purpose Why does the author end with the final paragraph?

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