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Lever Lab

Put weights on a seesaw and balance it. Discover the law of the lever (weight times distance) by experiment, then solve balance puzzles.

FreeGrades 3–8ScienceMathStudent-facing

Place:

Left side: weight × distance

Right side: weight × distance

Three kinds of lever

Class 1: the fulcrum is in the middle, between the load and the push. Seesaw, crowbar, scissors.
Class 2: the load is in the middle. Wheelbarrow, nutcracker, bottle opener.
Class 3: the push is in the middle. Tweezers, broom, your forearm lifting a cup.

Yellow triangle: fulcrum (the pivot). Green box: load. Red arrow: effort (your push or pull).

How to use it

Pick a weight, then tap a peg to hang it there (pegs are numbered 1 to 6 from the middle). Tap Remove and then a peg to take its top weight off. The beam tips toward the side with the bigger turning effect. In Balance puzzles, the grey weights are fixed: add one weight on the right to balance the beam, then press Check.

Keyboard: Tab to a peg and press Enter or Space.

The law of the lever

A weight's turning effect (scientists call it a moment, or torque) is its weight times its distance from the fulcrum. A seesaw balances when the turning effects on both sides are equal: 2 kg at peg 6 (2 × 6 = 12) balances 3 kg at peg 4 (3 × 4 = 12) or 4 kg spread over peg 3. That is why a small child far from the middle can balance a big adult sitting close in.

Levers trade distance for force. Push far from the fulcrum and a small force can lift a big load close to it, but your end moves farther. Real moments use force in newtons (N·m); here we use kilograms and peg numbers to keep the arithmetic simple, which gives the same balance answers.

  • Ask: how many different ways can you balance 3 kg at peg 4 using only one weight? (12 = 2 × 6 = 3 × 4.)
  • Ask: which class of lever is a door handle? A stapler? A hockey stick?

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